“Growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and play critical roles in cellular growth, differentiation, and tissue development. These signaling molecules, including GDF15 (associated with metabolic regulation) and GDF11 (implicated in aging), bind to specific serine/threonine kinase receptors to activate SMAD-dependent pathways. Researchers studying bone morphogenesis, cancer progression, or metabolic disorders can explore our detailed resource on GDFs and their receptors, which covers their structural biology, signaling mechanisms, and therapeutic potential across various disease models.”

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